Do Rabbits Have Periods & Bleed?

Rabbits are mammals known for their ability to reproduce rapidly. Their reproductive system and cycle differ from that of humans and other animals. While we have a male rabbit, getting to know the female rabbit’s reproductive cycle is a big part of owning an indoor domestic rabbit.

Do female rabbits have periods?

Female Rabbits (Also known as Doe) do not menstruate due to being induced ovulators which means they do not ovulate on a 28-day cycle. However, they will ovulate when they find a suitable male rabbit to mate with. This ovulation process starts during or before the mating process.

Due to this, a Doe will be able to conceive as soon as she has given birth. However, this does not necessarily mean a female rabbit will immediately get pregnant.

A common misconception about rabbits is that they produce menstrual blood due to blood in their urine or red coloring. If your rabbit has blood in their urine, seeking a veterinarian to assist you further is urgent. If your rabbit’s urine looks red but not like blood, this usually indicates a change in their diet or medication and shouldn’t be cause for concern. However, if you are concerned, you should take a photo of the urine and take it to a vet.

To understand why rabbits don’t have periods, we must first explore the unique characteristics of their reproductive process, which we will cover in this blog post.

Understanding Rabbit Reproduction

Female Rabbit Reproductive System

Female rabbits, known as does, have a complex reproductive system. Their ovaries produce eggs, which are released during ovulation. However, unlike humans, rabbits do not have a monthly menstrual cycle. Instead, they experience what is called an estrous cycle.

Due to having an estrous cycle, rabbits aren’t fertile all year round. This means they will only ever be fertile when necessary.

We recommend spaying your female rabbits to help prevent uterine, ovarian, and mammary gland cancers.

Necropsy cases had a tumor prevalence of 14.4% in both sexes or 19.8% in female intact rabbits of all age groups, and up to 47.2% or 66.7%, respectively, in rabbits older than 6 years. Overall, the most common tumor types were uterine adenocarcinoma (prevalence in female intact animals: 13.1%), lymphoma (prevalence: 2.8%), and thymoma (prevalence: 2.1%). 

Neoplasia and Tumor-Like Lesions in Pet Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): A Retrospective Analysis of Cases Between 1995 and 2019

What is the Estrous Cycle of Female Rabbits

The estrous cycle is a vital aspect of rabbit reproduction. Understanding the different phases of the estrous cycle can provide insights into female rabbits’ reproductive behavior and physiology.

The estrous cycle of rabbits consists of several distinct phases, each with its own characteristics and hormonal changes. Let’s delve deeper into each of these phases:

1. Proestrus: Proestrus is the initial phase of the estrous cycle. During this period, which typically lasts for one to three days, the female rabbit’s body undergoes preparatory changes for potential mating. The most noticeable change during proestrus is the slight swelling of the vulva. The doe may also display restlessness and an increased frequency of urination.
2. Estrus: Estrus, commonly known as being “in heat,” is the phase when the doe is most receptive to mating. It is during this period that successful breeding and fertilization can occur. The vulva becomes noticeably swollen and may appear reddish. The doe’s behavior may also change, becoming more docile and receptive to the male rabbit’s advances. The duration of estrus in rabbits lasts approximately 12 to 14 hours.
3. Metestrus: Following estrus, the estrous cycle enters the metestrus phase. This is a transitional phase where the doe’s reproductive system prepares for a potential pregnancy. Metestrus can last one to two days if mating and fertilization do not occur during estrus. During this phase, the doe’s body readies itself for another opportunity for conception.
4. Diestrus: Diestrus is the final phase of the estrous cycle in rabbits. It occurs if the doe does not conceive during the previous stages. Diestrus is a period of sexual inactivity that lasts for about nine to 11 days. During this time, the reproductive system rests before restarting the cycle with the onset of proestrus.

Frequently Asked Questions

Conclusion

In conclusion, rabbits do not have periods like humans do. Instead, they experience an estrous cycle characterized by distinct phases. The reproductive process of rabbits is fascinating and differs from that of many other mammals. By understanding their unique reproductive system, we can appreciate the wonders of nature and care for these beloved creatures responsibly.